The Secrets of the Egyptian Pyramids: History, Culture, and Mystery

　　As we all know, the mummies of Egyptian pharaohs are the most striking cultural relics in the pyramids. They believed that the soul would live forever after death, so they placed many precious objects in the pyramids to ensure their happiness and peace in the afterlife. This also makes people more curious, what kind of mysterious treasure is hidden in the pyramid?
　　As we all know, the mummies of Egyptian pharaohs are the most striking cultural relics in the pyramids. They believed that the soul would live forever after death, so they placed many precious objects in the pyramids to ensure their happiness and peace in the afterlife. This also makes people more curious, what kind of mysterious treasure is hidden in the pyramid?
　　From a historical point
　　 of view, since the fourth dynasty of Egypt, with the strengthening of autocratic rule, the pharaohs concentrated all the manpower and financial resources of the country on the construction of the pyramids, and the scale of the pyramids has become increasingly magnificent. It was also from the beginning of the fourth dynasty that the surroundings of the pyramids were changed to smooth pyramids, and the pharaoh who completed this improvement was Sneferu, the founder of the fourth dynasty. He built at least three famous pyramids – Medu Pyramid of Mu (destroyed), Bent Pyramid and Red Pyramid. Khufu, the second pharaoh of the fourth dynasty, built the largest pyramid in Egypt – the Pyramid of Khufu, and his son Khafre built the second largest pyramid in Egypt – the Pyramid of Khafre.
　　 In contrast, the pyramids built by Pharaoh Menkaure of the Fourth Dynasty were much smaller, which may be a proof of his compassion for the people. The pyramid of Menkaure’s wife Kamon Jonabithi II is located on the east side of the Menkaure Pyramid, less than half the height of the Menkaure Pyramid. It has a house structure in line with modern architectural engineering, and a very secret “tomb” arch. More importantly, on the surface, the pyramid does not seem to have been stolen and excavated, which has attracted the attention of archaeologists.
　　 On March 3, 1999, American media broadcast live archaeologists excavating the Pyramid of Kamenopiti II. After the cleaning work was completed, Egyptian archaeologist Hawass entered the pyramid and found a narrow downward vertical passage with a size of only 48 centimeters, which could only allow one person to pass through. After entering the tomb through the passage, what is displayed in front of you is a messy arrangement of stones, an open sarcophagus, and a stone ball used to smooth the stone. Based on this, Hawass believes that the pyramid has not yet been completed, and perhaps before the completion of the project, Kamon Jonabiti II died, and she should have been buried elsewhere.
　　 Judging from the records of the Greek historian Diodorus, this may be the intentional practice of the ancient Egyptian rulers: “Although Khufu and Khafre built the pyramids as their tombs, they were not buried in them.” This is because they did a lot of cruel things during their lifetime, and they feared that they would be retaliated by people after they died.”
　　Tomb robbery activities that have lasted for thousands of years
　　 Because they believed that the soul would live forever after death, the ancient Egyptians would put food, clothes, furniture, etc. , Jewelry, gold and silver, precious cosmetics, etc. as funeral objects, in order to be comfortable and rich in the afterlife. Even in the graves of the poor, food, tools, etc. are buried with them. The pyramid is the royal tomb of the pharaoh and his family, and the gorgeous and exquisite funerary objects inside are undoubtedly a great temptation for tomb robbers. Especially in the decline of the dynasty, political corruption, bribery and corruption prevailed, the guards and priests of the cemetery colluded with each other, and even the mayor of Thebes who defended the royal tomb institution would communicate with tomb robbers in private.
　　 A case of tomb robbery that was seized was recorded in papyrus documents. At that time, a large-scale tomb robbery took place on the west bank of Thebes. An investigation into all royal tombs has revealed that thieves have dug a tunnel and entered a pharaoh’s pyramid, missing all the funerary objects inside. Authorities have since arrested a large number of thieves, including workers and staff of the cemetery administration. According to their confession: “We opened the coffin and saw that the king’s mummy was dressed in gold and inlaid with various precious stones. There was a string of gold amulets and many ornaments on his neck, and a gold mask on his head. We stripped We removed the golden clothes from the mummy, and the gold amulets and ornaments from his neck. We also found the king’s wife and stripped her mummy likewise. We also stole the gold and silver and copper vases that were buried bottles, and all stolen items were divided into 8 parts.”
　　 From the above confession, it can be seen that the funerary objects in the pyramids of the Egyptian royal family were very rich at that time, which naturally drove generations of “Mojin Xiaowei” to take risks. As tomb robbery intensified, the pharaohs decided to build their tombs in rocks that were not easily found. Pharaoh Ahmose of the 18th Dynasty was the last pharaoh who built a pyramid. Since then, the pharaohs have hidden the tomb chamber deep in the mountain and separated the funeral temple from the tomb chamber far away. However, even with such a secret, the pharaoh’s tomb will still be looted. It is reported that the theft has continued for thousands of years.
　　 After entering the Middle Ages, a book called “The Book of Tibetan Pearls: A Guide to Treasure Digging” appeared in Egypt. This book listed in detail the burial sites of various treasures and various witchcraft to deceive the patron saint of treasures. “Burn some smoke with tar, liquid benzoin, and the wool of a black sheep, and a dirt road will appear in front of you. Continue to smoke and cross the road, then dig down a cubit deep, and you will find Heaps of refined gold, but must be smoked continuously before taking them away.” With the publication of this book, the number of treasure hunters who are greedy for profit is increasing day by day. Until the early 20th century, the book was still widely circulated. The curator of the Cairo Museum once lamented: “The cultural relics destroyed by wars and long years are not comparable to the crimes of this book.
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　　 It was able to spend thousands of years safely, and it was not discovered by archaeologists until modern times. For example, archaeologists have found almost nothing in the pyramid of Amenemhat III, but they have made a lot of money in a tomb belonging to a nobleman in Horuta. According to the archaeologists’ recollection: “We started to untie the cloth strips wrapped around Horuta’s body, and row after row of gorgeous evil-depressing objects appeared, and they shone like when they were just put in. We saw him Wearing rings with engraved names, exquisitely inlaid golden birds and other gold ornaments, surrounded by exquisite statues made of lapis lazuli, and evil charms carved in polished lapis lazuli, beryl and carnelian, this is the former A masterpiece never seen before.”
　　 Around the Pyramid of Khufu are the burial tombs of some royal family members and nobles. Beginning in 1902, a joint expedition team from Harvard University and the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston conducted excavations in Giza, Egypt that lasted for more than 20 years. In 1925, they found the burial chamber of Khufu’s mother, Heterfries I. The tomb contained a large number of funerary objects, including gilded bedspreads and beds (177 cm long), inscribed curtain boxes, armchairs with papyrus, and gold-covered chests, etc., which are now in the Egyptian Museum.
　　 In fact, the 1999 excavation of the pyramid of Kamenopiti II was not in vain. Hawass and other archaeologists excavated a tomb near the pyramid, and saw that the wall of the tomb was full of hieroglyphs and murals showing the life and work of the ancient Egyptians. After walking through the 30-meter-long tomb passage, Hawass entered the tomb, opened the wooden coffin, and inside lay a very complete mummy. In addition, there are some handicrafts and stone utensils in the tomb. A few days later, archaeologists discovered an inscription inscribed with ancient Egyptian writing. By interpreting the inscription, it was found that there was a record about the high priest “Kai” in it, and experts concluded that this was the cemetery of the “Kai” family.
　　 To this day, people still hope that some pyramids can escape the patronage of the tomb robbers of the past generations, and finally see the light of day again, so that the world can see the precious burial objects of the pharaohs thousands of years ago.